Abstract:

Infertility is a reproductive system pathology defined by absence of pregnancy, without contraception, after at least 12 months of frequent sexual intercourse. Male infertility affects 10 to 15 per cent of men of reproductive age and impacts more than 50 per cent of cases of infertility, whether or not associated with a female cause. Thanks to the introduction of new concepts and medical progress at the diagnostic and the therapeutic levels, the management of male infertility constantly evolves. It is difficult to identify the causes of male infertility, since it is often complex and related. They may contribute to the different stages of sperm production and/or transport of spermatozoa, and may be acquired or congenital. The involvement of the environment in male infertility has been the subject of a lot of research for several years. When a man is treated for infertility, all factors which may affect fertility must be considered and a full assessment must be made. Exploration must begin with an interrogation and a clinical examination. The first thing to do is to suggest a semen analysis, as known as spermogram. More specialized sperm tests can help refine the diagnosis. Medical imagery, hormonal examination and genetic testing are needed in some situations. Etiological management of male infertility is sometimes possible. In the absence of a known cause, symptomatic treatments are available. Medically assisted procreation techniques are offered as a last resort

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